Showing posts with label Catalan Division. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Catalan Division. Show all posts

Sunday, March 24, 2019

Democracy in Madrid The final message of Saturday’s march by supporters of Catalan independence was not the one that pro-secessionist forces proclaimed in Madrid, but the one that they took home with them to Catalonia




Two Catalan pro-independence associations called a march in Madrid on Saturday under the slogan: “Self-determination is not a crime. Democracy means deciding.” With this display in the capital of a state that they revile, the separatists once again demonstrated the exact opposite of what they meant to, which is that Spain is a dictatorship that subjugates the citizens of Catalonia, and that the leaders on trial at the Supreme Court are there because of their ideas.

Each and every one of the citizens who marched in the streets of Madrid on Saturday proclaimed their ideas freely, exercising their rights as established in the very same Constitution that the leaders on trial attempted to repeal by force of facts on the ground. It is these actions, and not their ideas, that are being tried before a court of justice, with all the guarantees of the rule of law.

    Democracy reaffirmed itself in Madrid on Saturday


What has become patent after days of trial, inside and outside Spain, is that the Supreme Court does not have a verdict mapped out in advance, and that the limits of propaganda lie in reality itself. Given the impossibility of waving the caricature of a political trial, pro-independence forces on Saturday attempted to do politics with the trial, but the only result was to evidence the unlofty inner workings of a political creed that is gambling everything it has on manipulation.

Self-determination is not a crime, a banner rightly proclaimed at the march. But nor is it a right, as the orators slipped in, trusting in a definitive and generalized amnesia when it comes to international law. The same goes for the assertion that democracy means deciding. It certainly does, except when what’s being decided is how to deprive a majority of their rights. The march organizers did not care to bring that up on Saturday, yet it cannot be ignored, because the events of September 6 and 7, 2017 – when separatist parties in the Catalan parliament used irregular procedures to pass legislation to facilitate a referendum and a breakaway from Spain – did just that, ignoring the will of a majority of citizens.

    The Supreme Court does not have a verdict mapped out in advance

Democracy reaffirmed itself in Madrid on Saturday – not because of the way the concept was invoked by the separatist forces who wish to sequester democracy in Catalonia, but because it was evident, once again, that the 1978 Constitution guarantees everyone’s rights, even the rights of those who, like the separatists, want to destroy them and who offer as alternative freedoms what is nothing more than a unilateral imposition of their own political program.

The final message of the march was not the one that pro-independence forces proclaimed in Madrid, but the one that they took home with them to Catalonia. They should admit it, and have the courage to admit it in front of their supporters: the freedoms that separatist demonstrators enjoyed on Saturday in the Spanish capital are the freedoms enjoyed by any citizen in a free country ruled by the law.

https://elpais.com/elpais/2019/03/18/inenglish/1552920233_688406.html

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Sunday, March 03, 2019

Serious dangers of Catalonian nationalism

EN ES

José Antonio de Yturriaga Barberán

Published Diplomacia Siglo XXI
February 2019 

ENGLISH
It is difficult to state precisely when Catalanism became Nationalism, It did not happen overnight, but throughout a gradual process in which Catalanism lowered its initial predominant cultural nature to deepen its political profile and turned itself into Nationalism. After de disaster of 1898 and the lost by Spain of her colonies, Catalanism leant towards political activity. During the conflict, the movement Uniò Catalana published a Statement in which it blamed the Madrid Government for the dismembering of the Spanish domains due to a policy which “put at risk of death all the creations of the Catalonian genius”, and placed Catalonia totally outside of what was happening in Cuba and in the Philipines. For that reason, it considered demanding that the region acquires command of its internal interests and exercise its influence in the managing of its external interests. Once the colonial disaster was consummated, the nationalist politicians increased their criticism against Spain, which was described as “an unbound bundle of African tribes“, whereas Catalonia was “the main representative of European civilization”. If Spain wanted to rise from this situation, she should “resort to the ideals, to the fortitude and to the Governmental traditions of Catalonia”. Such comments were a typical show of the supremacism inscribed in the AND of Nationalism.

The Spanish Royal Academy of Language defines Nationalism as “a doctrine which exalts in every respect the full national personality or whatever their supporters consider it as such”. It considers, therefore, a double component: one objective –the exaltation of national personality- and another subjective –the nationalists´ concept of such personality-. This subjective element makes it possible that Nationalism may adopt many different forms. There is not a unique Nationalism, but diverse manifestations of it, which may vary according to the circumstances.

Already in 1932, José Ortega y Gasset described the “particularist” Nationalism of Catalonia as “a feeling of vague outline of variable intensity. aslthough sufficiently clear, which takes possession of a group of people or a community, which makes it ardently desire to live apart from the other people or communities”. Nationalists “feel a mysterious and fatal inclination, an eagerness to keep themselves out, exempt, alien to any fusion, secluded and entranced in themselves”. According to Gabriel Tortella, the Catalonian nationalism is the main problem that has faced Spain since the Transition and it is difficult to foresee its end. The Basque nationalism was the protagonist at the end of last century and –after ETA´s defeat- allowed a transitory period of appeasement, but the Catalonian nationalism, with its measures of pressure, extortion and exclusion –although concealed, not less despicable- assumed the role to demolish the Spanish State. This situation posed a series of problems, one of which was the nature of Nationalism., But it is not easy to explain, because there is not a single Nationalism, but various varieties of it depending on the latitudes and on historical, cultural and ethnic conditions.


Two main classes of Nationalism can be considered: the one which exalts the virtues of the nation –its history, its traditions, its language, its culture, its folklore or its gastronomy- and that with an identitarian character, which excludes those who do not share their ideas. The first is a factor of progress which is commendable; the second is, on the contrary, a factor of regression and should be rejected. Following Giuseppe Mazzini, the identitarian nationalism believes that every group of people deserves a nation and a State. Some of them become independentists; others content themselves with an autonomy considered sufficient to protect their collective identity. According to Rafa Latorre, Nationalism has imposed in Catalonia a hardly subtle form of collective extortion described as “peace of consensus” –as little deserving and disuasive as the “peace of the cemeteries”-, which protectsa very delicate biosphere, that become hostile to those who dissent. In spite of their historical or geographic peculiarities, Nationalism offers certain common features.  

            Nationalism needs an external enemy in order to assert its personality- Sometimes, it has one; otherwise, it is invented. For Catalaonia, the ancestral enemy is Spain-Castille-Madrit, the Spanish people, the Castilian language, the culture of Spain, her customs and traditions –especially bullfighting- and even the Real Madrid. Their fierce attitude against everything Spanish- leads the nationalists to defame Spain whenever they have a chance and encourage in Europe suspicions and doubts about the quality of her democracy, with the complicity of the Eurosceptic and  anti-European groups. Fortunately –as the European deputy Teresa Giménez Barbat has pointed out-neither the European States nor the EU institutions have given in to those who –in the name of identity- would like to go back to the source of conflicts that existed in Europe  before it became, thanks to the Union, “the most prosperous, enlightened and progressive community of the planet, that –in virtue of the principles of cooperation and solidarity- has created a space. not only economic or political, but also moral”. According to César Antonio Molina, we have to deal with “an invented nationalism, full of ill will and resentment, profusely vengeful, that has increased more and more its old scab of tribal hate”.

            Nicolás Redondo considers that the confrontation between nationalism and cosmopolitism has been raised by identitarian nationalists who –wrapped up in their flags, their supremacism and their fancy nostalgia- have placed themselves outside a globalized world. The Catalonian nationalism is introverted, endogamic, solipsist, plaintive and mournful. It despises globalization and has managed to control every public space in an asphyxiating way. It is convinced that the Catalonian people are  “victims”, who have been unable to reach their objectives due to the violent repression of the Spanish State. This victimism cultivated year after year gives them their supreme right not to comply with the law and with the sentences of the tribunals. “How to blame people  oppressed during centuries for some minor legal violations, if they are necessary in order to break the oppressive yoke?”. The calvary of persecutions that they have suffered gives them the right to insult their opponents, to impose their narrow political frame to the Catalonian society, to violate the law, to interpret reality as they like and to reject criticism, opposition and discrepancy. The soul of Catalonian identity  survives only thanks to the tension with the creation of enemies, which are more imaginary than real. The nationalist need the conflict in order to maintain the purity of the “Holy Grail”of their ideology, whereas cosmopolitism represents the opposite. It is the difference between “culture” in general, understood as the ambit  in which the spiritual and creative activity of mankind develops, and “my culture”, understood as the spirit of the people to which I belong, which  impregnates my thoughts an my attitudes, with the exclusion of those of the others.

            Falling back upon oneself and upon one´s traditions implies sticking to the past and refusing a globalization which is as unavoidable as positive. For many years the Spaniards have been absorbed in themselves and alien to changes which were transforming the world, and this attitude has been accentuated in the case of peripheral nationalisms, which reject what they do not know and all that does not coincide with their narrow frame of mind. They pay tribute to an invented past ant to an identity artificially created, and follow Ernest Renan´s thesis that historical error is an essential factor in the creation of a nation. 

The Catalonian journalist Agustí Calvet, Gaziel, pointed out in 1930 the “the political sign of Catalonian land, since Spain constituted herself as a national entity at the end of the XV century, has constantly been a show of protest. Hardly amenable with the increasing uniformity of the Spanish State, Catalonia has lived, politically speaking, in a permanent state of ill humour and sulkiness”. According to Ortega y Gasset, all through its history, Catalonia  has dragged a terrible destiny and, accordingly, it has been in “an almost incessant moan”, and –for Sergi Doria-Catalonian nationalism is a carrier of everlasting grievances. 

The use and the abuse of History is one of the fundamental features of Nationalism and its manipulation has been a sign of identity of Catalonian nationalism, whish has indulged in grotesque and delirious assertions by the Intitute Nova Història, according to which Hernán Cortés, Christopher Columbus, Ignatius of Loyola, Teresa of Ávila, Erasmus of Rotterdam, Ieronimus Bosch “il Bosco”, Leonardo da Vincir or Miguel de Cervantes were Catalonian, and Don Quichotte himself came from Catalonia and not from La Mancha. Jordi Canal has commented –tongue in cheek- that he did not understand how the historical authorities had not claimed so far that the first “homo sapiens”was Catalonian. Jordi Pujol stated that history and language constituted the basis for the national definition of Catalonia, his wife, Marta Ferrusola, pointed out that “our nationalism is fed with our History”,and his political  heir, Artur Mas, asserted that History was one of the basic pillars of Catalonian nationalism.

Miguel de Unamuno said that nationalism was the craze  of those hot-headed spoiled by the indigestion of bad history, Gaziel that Catalonian historians  used to narrate not the History but the dream of the History of Catalonia, and Ricardo García Cárcel that Catalonian society was sick of the past. According to Canal, Nationalism is to a great extent responsible for this illness because it has given great importance to the construction of a story to generate identity and uphod political projects. Myth and lies have been merged in the History of Catalonia, which has resulted in a fundamental instrument for the “catalonization” of the society. The story turns around the search of a nation that existed since the time of the  Pyrenean Earldoms and whose weak periods coincided with the attempts by Castille.Spain to destroy Catalonia. It maintains that Catalonia is one of the oldest nations in Europe, pays no attention the the Aragon Crown, considers that Catalonia had already started its way towards democracy in the XVII century and states that the conquest of Barcelona on 11 September 1714 by the Spanish troops provoked the end of a Nation and of a State. Catalonia, however, never was a sovereign and independent State, but a part of a wider political entity, the Kingdons of France or of Aragón. According to Claudio de Ramón, Nationalism is an ideology based on the production of lies and of ethnic antagonism.

Nationalism considers that Catalonia is superior to Spain and that is why it should separate, and this attitude responds to ethnic criteria. In his book “The Warrior´s Honour”, Michael Ignatieff has reflected on the reasons which led to the explosion of ethnic conflicts, especially in the former Yugoslavia-How was it possible that people who had been living peacefully together during centuries started suddenly to kill one another in a bloody way? He arrived at the conclusion that it was due to the decision of politicians who –after President Tito´s death- saw in Nationalism a gold mine to get votes, since it was sufficient with listing grievances so that each defeat, each drop of blood, was scored in the Book of Rancor and, in that way –annotation after annotation-  an identity was built and an electoral basis was formed in the quickest and most effective manner, by means of exclusion. And when a State –that has the monopoly of force- sides with a community, those excluded look for shelter in the tribe and, in little time, they try to take justice into their hands. Catalonia has not reached this extreme, but President Sánchez´ condescendence with the sectarianism of the Generalitat does notforesee good auguries. As Elisa de la Nuez has pointed out, it is difficult to uphold a discourse which defends that modernity passes by the nationalist ethnicism of the XXI century and by tics characteristic of authoritarian regimes.   

For Oriol Junqueras, Catalonians are similar to the French or the Italians, whereas the Spaniards are more like the Portuguese or –what seems to be even worse- the Morocans. Pere Soler has commented that he felt pity for the Spaniards and Joaquim Torra s insults and depreciatory comments about them are well known. In reply to his accusation that Catalonia was been attacked by Spanish Fascism, Albert Rivera stated that what was a proof of Fascism was to call “degenerate beasts” to most of the Catalonians and the rest of the Spaniards, to violate the Constitution and the Statute in order to declare independence, and uphold the violence of separatist commandos. As Cayetana Álvarez de Toledo has pointed out, in Catalonia a factious group is in command, which is purely fascist, both in its aims and its means:  A supremacist agenda, elimination of dissidents and obscene politisation of the police.

Redondo has stated that the concerted action of the institutions and of a  part of the citizen in Catalonia –there can be no totalitarianism without social support- is the representation of a raising autoritorianism  that, fortunately, has not been so far sufficient to defeat the Spanish State and the European Union, but –when a part of the society is turned into a mob- we reach a situation close to totalitorianism. The proposals to recover the provisions of the Statute adopted by the Parlamentin in 2005, which were declared illegal by the Constitutional Court, would mean the abandonment of the Catalonians who have opposed the independence process. The solution may be found in the creation of a reasonable political frame in which the various sectors of the Catalonian society may establish a dialogue and, for this purpose, it is indispensable to end with the signs of autoritarianism which have appeared in Catalonia. According to Íñigo Calderón, wherever the nationalists hold power, they use their competences and the Official Gazette to converge within their autonomic ambits, to eliminate domestic differences, to homogenize internal plurality and to synthesize an artificial social singularity, which becomes the objective of their policies, a collective singularity which replaces individual singularities. This synthetic singularity turns into the famous “fet diferencial”invoked by Jordi Pujol. Nationalists assert themselves by this “differencial fact” in contraposition against the State. The fact of being different –or of appearing to be so- explains the excluding character of Nationalism. César A. Molina has pointed out that Nationalism is a project of the political and economical elites with a view to exclude non-nationalists. Nationalism puts aside the citizen, who become subject of an absolutist regime imposed on them. It uses the same tricks as populisms of various kinds, which seek a radical break with the statu quo. Nationalism has destroyed multiracial, lingüistic and cultural life in common, gone a step back in the civilization process and prevented the possibility that citizen may live together as equal.

This cultural, ethnic, territorial and monolingüistic nationalism has given place to two types of citizen: “those who exclude”, who comply with the imposed rules, and “those who are excluded “, who are rejected because they do not comply with the said rules. Nationalism intends to exclude other people and this is precisely its “raison d´être”, because its goal –as that of totalitarianism- is the homogenization of the society and the repression of citizens who oppose it. “The fear of globalization and of the loss of their roots, immigration and xenophobia, the frontal attack against democracy and its representative institutions, faith in authoritarianism newly formulated violence, the impetus of ´patrioterism´ and the claim of  a single and pure culture are little by little finding their way. Nationalism assumes the moral monopoly of the representation and the control of the means of communication”. 

In Catalonia, the same people are always in command, with the result that a half of Catalonian has no right to their own institutions. Those who do not share the official truth are singled out, in the middle of a “spiral of silence”, and the institutions do not protect a very important part of the citizens, because these institutions are partisan, being only for nationalists. One can detect in Nationalism the nostalgia  for a past where  a “sol poble” –a single group of people- did and undid at will, and no one dared to protest. The longing for a small and identitarian fatherland id similar to the feelings shown by “brexiters”for the loss of the Empire or by Donald Trump´s s supporters of a robust, male and white America. Nowithstanding, nothing of that is going to return, because History advances in a different direction.

According to Fernando de Haro, in the West there are movements which renounce rationality in order to solve their identity requirements. Nationalists iarelinked with secularization, since the nation has always been subject of worship. “Those who believed in enlightened tradition thought that the beast had been tamed, but when enlightenment fades away, the beast reappears. The sacred element reappears in seeking an objective, and the one closest is the nation”. Every culture is judged for its capacity to pass from what is  particular to what is universal, and the “absolutization” of what is particular shows the cultural and anthropological weakness of the whole society and not only of the elites. The dissolution of evidences provokes an identity anxiety which prompts people to possess what is easy. From here, the unreality of Nationalism and the irrationality of Nationalists can be deduced. They live in the self-deceit of an invented virtual world, which is converted into reality by the “post-truth”. They do not think with the brain, but with the bowells, are carried away by feeling and discard reason. That is why it is so difficult to dialogue with nationalists, since they only try to impose their criteria and their dogmas upon others. As Albert Camus said, I am afraid of a person whom I cannot convince, because one cannot argue with them. The real Spain is in danger of institutional discomposure and of territorial fracture because of Nationalism.

Another of the features of Nationalism is –in the opinion of Jorge Bustos- the “adversative acception”. Nationalists believe that the world owes them something which was unjustly taken away from them, but –although the source of his rancor is mythological, the effects over their neighbours are real. “Rather than being  proud of what is their own, nationalist feel the rejection of what is not their own”. For this reason, there can be no moral equidistance between a unique cultural project and another project of a half-breed living-together, born from the plural agreement reached in 1978, from which nationalists try to segregate. But, “what do we know, poor people without papers in Equidistonia?                

John Elliot has pointed out that the Catalonian nationalism has built a story based on “half truths, many lies and tons of  victimism”, as well as on “the nostalgia of a past that never was”. He has blamed Pujol for the development of identitarian Nationalism because in 1990 he adopted his “Strategy for Catalonization”n and complained because constitutional Spain has been unable to build a story  which may matched that of Catalonian Nationalism. In the view of Álvarez de Toledo, nationalism is, above all, interference, an invasion of the collectivity in individual freedom. The “Catalonian State” is an enormous bureaucratic gear which “tramps on private life, demands absolute ideological fidelity, imposes itself in the class-rooms, manipulates text-books, okupy the TV plateaux and buries the citizen under a slab of entities, consortia, institutes, foundations, embassies and observatories, which cost a fortune in taxes and which act as employment agencies and factory of thankful stomachs. Nationalism has created an illiberal State”. 

Catalonian Nationalism is also insatiable and lacks solidarity. Ortega y Gasset already warned Azaña in 1931 of the voracity and greediness of Catalonian politicians, who never felt satisfied with what they obtained and, when they achieved a concession from the State, they took it for granted and immediately afterward they would ask for new benefits. Proofs of the insolidarity with the other Autonomous Communities are the claim of the ordinality principle and the inclusion in the Catalonian Statute of a clause, according to which the Spanish State should invest in infrastructures in Catalonia the equivalent of the contribution of the Community to the national GNP, which is a retrograde provision since is tantamount to give more to those who have more.

Nationalisms are also bellicose. Without going to the extreme of François Mitterand who said that Nationalism was war, it can be stated that Nationamism has 
caused many conflicts. including de two World Wars and the civil war in former Yugoslavia. Emmanuel Macron has asserted that a Nationalism which excludes was  treason to patriotism, because it exacerbated the differences and tried to dynamite the State of Right. But –as Mira Milosechiv has pointed out- in the XIX and XX centuries, ntionalism fought for territories through war, whereas nowadays the battles are fought through propaganda and the manipulation of public opinion, Lack of information and fake news form part of the strategy of the nationalists to internationalize the supposed conflict between Catalonia and Spain.
                      
            According to  Félix Ovejero, tension and disloyalty are the ways for Nationalism to stand in politics. Nationalism is the problem that Nationalist submit as the solution of the problem that it creates and from which it is nourished. It is an ideology constitutively unequal which should be resisted, if we want to remain as a community of citizens free and equal. For the nationalists, however Nationalism is an immutable constant and an unbeaten manifestation of its political scenery and should not be combated. It is the answer to a just cause and, accordingly, the nationalists do not even consider the possibility of a defeat. There are no doubts, nevertheless, that the nationalism is antidemocratic. It is not so much a proceeding as its quintessence, which consists in raising frontiers in a perimeter of identities. The nationalists are against deciding and sharing with other fellow citizen, and their aim is to break the community of those who want to live together. It is neither the distorted expression of a just cause nor of a reality  ignored or despised, because its obscenity is based in a lie: the fable of the immutable identities. They invoke an inexistent world. However, “the nationalism can be defeated and we have the moral obligation to do so”. Mario Vargas Llosa has invited all citizen to fight against Nationalism openly and without any complex, because it is one of the worst plagues of mankind. It defends a retrograde past to which we do not want to return. It does not matter its colour or its origin, since all nationalisms are racist and discriminatory, and start from a false premise: the superiority of a community because of its ethnic origin or the birthplace of its members. 

            We should oppose Patriotism to Nationalism, following the thesis of Maurizio Viroli, who –in his book “For Love of the Fatherland”- has confronted these two movements. Nationalism combats heterogeneity and pluralism, and emphasizes linguistic, cultural and ethnic homogeneity. It claims to defend “the people”, but only “its people”, understood as an homogeneous community, which needs to be protected from cultural pluralism and the risks of immigration. On the other hand, Patriotism  claims love for the political institutions which uphold the common freedom. “The true meaning of Patriotism is linked to a longstanding tradition of  political thinking based on the principle of freedom”. Only Patriotism can defeat Nationalism and the democratic left should change its reluctant attitude and its animosity toward the fatherland, the common home of all citizens. In the same line of thought, Roger Cohen has stated that “the self-compassionate and aggressive nationalism tries to change the present in the name of an illusory past, in order to create a vague future in all respects except in its glory. Pregnant with violence and manipulating fear, it is an exercise of massive deceit, what I hate with all my soul”. Havingbeen a correspondent in the Balkan Wars, Cohen has defined himself as a “European Patriot”, because he witnessed how Nationalism managed to convert the cosmopolitan city of Sarajevo in the place where his friend, the Bosnian actor Nermin Tulic, lost his legs after a Serbian bombardment, what proved that the devil who had wrecked the continent was only sleeping. To counteract this situation we could only rely on Patriotism, which was to Nationalism “what dignity is to barbarism”.

            The Spanish Supreme Court has just beguin the trial of some of the leaders of Catalonian Nationalism, not for their ideas –as the prosecuted politicians have claimed-, but for their constant violation of the Constitution, the Catalonian Statute and the laws, both national and autonomic, despite the warnings of the Constitutional Court. If it is  true that the Government and the Supreme Court are prosecuting Catalonian nationalists because of their political ideas, how is it possible that Joaquim Torra and Roger Torrent have not been prosecuted despite the fact that they continue daily their task to achieve the independence of Catalonia?  How can be explained that persons who do not only think but also act in order to separate Catalonia from Spain in defiance of the Constitution and of the prohibitions of the Constitutional Court continue to maintain the highest posts in the Generalitat and in theParlament?
            Torra´s case is notorious. He is the President of an Autonomous Community by the virtue of a Constitution and a Statute that he violates day after day. He has proclaimed his determination to establish an independent Republic in Catalonia, despised and insulted the King, asked publicly citizens to attack the State, promoted the violent actions of the Committees for the Defence of the Republic and placed himself in a situation of permanent rebellion against the Spanish State. The efficient “agitprop” of  Catalonian nationalism has, however, succeeded in convincing a part of international public opinion that the poor Catalonian nationalists are been attacked by a dictatorial State because of their noble ideas. The conclusion that one may reach from this illogical logic is that the Spanish Government is not only antidemocratic, but also utterly stupid and inefficient.



This artticle has been extracted from Ambassador Yturriaga´s book “Cataluña vista desde fuera”


ESPAÑOL

GRAVES PELIGROS DEL NACIONALISMO CATALÁN

Es difícil determinar cuando se pasó del catalanismo al nacionalismo. No se produjo en un momento determinado, sino que fue fruto de un proceso gradual en el que el catalanismofue su impronta cultural inicial y agudizando su perfil político, y se transformó en nacionalismo. Tras el desastre de 1898 y la pérdida de las colonias, l catalanismo se orientó hacia la actividad política. En plena contienda, Uniò Catalana publicó un Manifiesto que culpaba a Madrid de la desmembración de los dominios españoles -fruto de la política de un Gobierno “que ponía en peligro de muerte todas las creaciones del género catalán”- y situaba a Cataluña totalmente al margen de lo que estaba ocurriendo en Cuba y Filipinas. Por ello, resultaba imperioso que la región tuviera el gobierno de sus intereses internos e influyese en la dirección de los externos. Consumado el desastre colonial, arreció el tono crítico de los políticos nacionalistas contra España, era “un haz mal ligado de cabilas africanas” y donde Cataluña constituía “la principal representante de la civilización europea”. Si España quería levantarse, debería “acudir al ideal, a la fuerza y a las tradiciones de gobierno de la tierra catalana” Estas consideraciones eran una típica muestra del supremacismo inscrito en el ADN del nacionalismo catalán.

La Real Academia de la Lengua define al nacionalismo como una “doctrina que exalta en todos los órdenes la personalidad nacional completa o lo que reputan como tal sus partidarios”. Contempla, pues, un doble componente: uno objetivo –la exaltación de la personalidad nacional- y otro subjetivo –la opinión que los nacionalistas tengan sobre lo que es esa personalidad-. Ese elemento subjetivo hace que el nacionalismo pueda adoptar formas muy diversas. No hay un nacionalismo único, sino diversas manifestaciones del mismo, que varían en función de las circunstancias.
Ya en 1932, José Ortega y Gasset definió el nacionalismo “particularista” propio de Cataluña como “un sentimiento de distorno vago de intensidad variable, pero de tendencia sumamente clara, que se apodera de un pueblo o colectividad y le hace desear ardientemente vivir aparte de los demás pueblos o colectividades”. Los nacionalistas “sienten una misteriosa y fatal predisposición, un afán de querer quedar fuera, exentos, intactos de toda fusión, reclusos y absortos en sí mismos”. Es el terrible destino de un pueblo que arrastra angustioso a lo largo de su Historia, De ahí que quisiera ser lo que precisamente no podía ser:”una pequeña isla de humanidad arisca reclusa en sí misma”. Según Gabriel Tortella, el nacionalismo catalán es el principal problema de España desde la Transición y resulta muy difícil imaginar su final. El nacionalismo vasco protagonizó las últimas décadas del siglo pasado, y la derrota de ETA dio lugar a un apaciguamiento transitorio, pero el nacionalismo catalán –con métodos de presión, extorsión y exclusión solapados, pero no menos viles- tomó el relevo en la actividad de zapa y derribo del Estado español. Esta situación planteaba numerosos problemas intelectuales, uno de los más apasionantes de los cuales era el de determinar r naturaleza. Resultaba difícil de explicarlo porque no hay un nacionalismo único, sino varias modalidades según las latitudes y los condicionantes históricos, culturales y étnicos.

Cabe distinguir dos tipos principales de nacionalismo: el que exalta las virtudes de la nación –su historia, sus tradiciones, su lengua, su cultura, su folklore o su gastronomía- y el que adquiere un carácter identitario que excluye a los que no comulgan con sus ideas. El primero es un factor de progreso y resulta encomiable, pero el segundo es un factor de retroceso y resulta rechazable. El nacionalismo identitario cree –siguiendo a Giuseppe Mazzini- que a todo pueblo le corresponde una nación y un Estado. Unos lo aplican estrictamente a ser independentistas, mientras que otros se conforman con la autonomía para proteger su identidad colectiva. Según Rafa Latorre, el nacionalismo ha impuesto en Cataluña una forma poco sutil de extorsión colectiva que es la “paz del consenso” -tan poco meritoria y casi tan disuasoria como la paz de los cementerios-, que protege una biosfera delicadísima, que se vuelve hostil para el discrepante. Pese a sus peculiaridades históricas o geográficas, los nacionalismos presentan unos rasgos comunes.

El nacionalismo necesita de un enemigo exterior para afirmar su personalidad. Hay veces que lo tiene y, cuando no, se lo inventa. Para Cataluña, el enemigo ancestral es España-Castilla-Madrit; el pueblo español, el idioma castellano, la cultura de España, sus costumbres y tradiciones –especialmente los toros- y hasta el Real Madrid. Su feroz anti-españolismo le lleva a denigrar a España siempre que puede y a alentar en Europa toda clase de sospechas con respecto a la calidad de su democracia con la complicidad de los euroescépticos y de los antieuropeístas. Por fortuna –según Teresa Giménez Barbat-, ninguno de los países europeos, ni ninguna institución de la UE, han mostrado una sola fisura frente a quienes –en nombre de la identidad- desearían regresar a la suma de beligerancias que fue Europaantes de convertirse, gracias a la Unión, en “la comunidad más próspera, ilustrada y progresista del planeta que, en virtud de los principios de cooperación y solidaridad, se ha conformado como un espacio no sólo económico o político, sino también moral”. Para César Antonio Molina, se trata de “un nacionalismo inventado, repleto de rencores y resentimientos, profusamente enseñados y ensañados, que han acrecentado cada vez más su vieja costra de odio tribal”.

Según Nicolás Redondo, se ha planteado un enfrentamiento entre nacionalismo y cosmopolitismo, y los nacionalistas identitarios -envueltos en sus banderas, en su supremacismo y en su nostalgia fantasiosa- se sitúan al margen de este mundo globalizado. El nacionalismo catalán es introvertido y endogámico, y desprecia la globalización. Es replegado, doliente y plañidero, y se ha adueñado de todo el espacio público de forma asfixiante. Todo su discurso político se fragua desde el convencimiento de ser un “pueblo víctima”, que no ha conseguido los objetivos que se proponía por culpa de la represión violenta del Estado español. En ese victimismo, cultivado durante años y años, se basa el supremo derecho a saltarse 1as leyes a la torera e incumplir las sentencias “¿Cómo recriminar a un pueblo oprimido durante siglos por unas pequeñas infracciones legales, si son necesarias para quebrar el yugo opresor?”. Su calvario de persecuciones les ha dado derecho insultar al adversario, a imponer su estrecho marco político a toda la sociedad catalana, a violar las leyes, a interpretar la realidad a su gusto y a rechazar la crítica, la oposición o la discrepancia. El alma y la identidad de los nacionalistas catalanes sólo sobreviven gracias a la tensión, creando enemigos, aunque sean más imaginarios que reales. Necesitan el conflicto para mantener la pureza del “santo grial” de su ideología, mientras el cosmopolitismo representa todo lo contrario. Es la diferencia entre la cultura entendida como el ámbito en que se desarrolla la actividad espiritual y creadora del hombre, y “mi cultura”, entendida como espíritu del pueblo al que pertenezco, que impregna mis pensamientos y mis actitudes, con exclusión de los de los demás.

El repliegue sobre uno mismo y sobre las tradiciones supone aferrarse al pasado y rechazar una mundialización tan inevitable como positiva. Durante mucho tiempo, los españoles han estado ensimismados y ajenos a los cambios que iban transformando el mundo, pero esa actitud se acentuó en los nacionalismos periféricos, que rechazan lo que ignoran y todo lo que no coincide con su estrecho marco discursivo. Rinden pleitesía a un pasado inventado y a una identidad artificialmente creada, y siguen la tesis de Renan de que el error histórico es un factor esencial en la creación de una nación.

El periodista catalán Agustí Calvet,”Gaziel”, señaló ya en 1930 que “el signo político de la tierra catalana, desde que España se constituyó en unidad nacional a fines del siglo XV, ha sido constantemente un sino protestatario. Mal avenida con el uniformismo creciente del Estado español, Cataluña ha vivido, políticamente hablando, en un estado de mal humor y enfurruñamiento”. Según Ortega, Cataluña ha arrastrado a lo largo de su Historia un terrible destino y, por eso, era toda ella “un quejido casi incesante” y, para Sergi Doria, el nacionalismo catalán es portador de agravios eternos.

El uso y el abuso de la Historia constituyen una de las características fundamentales de los nacionalismos, y su manipulación ha sido una especial seña de identidad del nacionalismo catalán, que le ha llevado a extremos tan grotescos y delirantes como las aseveraciones hechas por el Instititut Nova Història de que Hernán Cortés, Cristóbal Colón, Ignacio de Loyola, Teresa de Ávila, Erasmo de Rotterdam, Jeronimus Bosch “El Bosco”, Leonardo da Vinci o Miguel de Cervantes eran catalanes, y que hasta el propio Don Quijote no era de la Mancha sino de Cataluña. Jordi Canal ha comentado con sorna que no se explicaba como no había reivindicado que el primer homínido era catalán. Jordi Pujol señaló que la lengua y la historia constituían las bases de la definición nacional de Cataluña, su esposa, Marta Ferrusola, manifestó que “nuestro nacionalismo se alimenta con nuestra Historia”, y su heredero político, Artur Mas, afirmó que la Historia era uno de los pilares básicos del nacionalismo catalán.

Miguel de Unamuno decía que el nacionalismo era la chifladura de los exaltados echados a perder por indigestiones de mala Historia, Gaziel, que los historiadores catalanes solían narrar el sueño de la Historia de Cataluña, y Ricado García Cárcel que la sociedad catalana estaba enferma de pasado. Según Jordi Canal, el nacionalismo tiene buena parte de responsabilidad en esta dolencia por haber otorgado gran importancia a la construcción de un relato generador de identidad y sustentador de intereses y proyectos políticos El mito y la mentira se han confundido siempre en la Historia de Cataluña, que ha resultado ser un instrumento fundamental en el proceso de catalanización de la sociedad. El relato gira alrededor de la búsqueda de una nación, que para los nacionalistas ya existía desde la época de los Condes pirenaicos y cuyos momentos de debilidad coincidían con los intentos de Castilla-España de destruir a Cataluña. Mantenía que ésta era una de las naciones más antiguas de Europa, ignoraba a la Corona de Aragón, aseguraba que en el siglo XVII Cataluña ya caminaba hacia la democracia y afirmaba que la conquista de Barcelona por las tropas españolas el 11 de Septiembre de 1714 supuso el fin de una Nación y de un Estado. Sin embargo, Cataluña nunca fue un Estado soberano e independiente, ya que siempre formó parte de una entidad política más amplia. Según Juan Claudio de Ramón, el nacionalismo es una ideología basada en la producción de mentiras y en el antagonismo étnico.

El nacionalismo considera que Cataluña es superior a España y, por eso, conviene separarse de ella, y su actitud responde a un cierto etnicismo. En su libro “El honor del guerrrero”, Michel Ignatieff ha tratado de desentrañar los motivos que condujeron al estallido de los conflictos étnicos, especialmente en la antigua Yugoslavia ¿Cómo era posible que gente que había vivido en paz durante décadas pasaran de repente a matarse unos a otros de forma encarnizada? Lo ha explicado porque, tras la muerte de Tito, los políticos descubrieron en el nacionalismo un filón inagotable de votos, pues bastaba con inventariar agravios, y cada derrota, cada gota de sangre, se anotaba en el Libro del Rencor y así -apunte tras apunte- se construía una identidad y se reunía una base electoral de la forma más rápida y eficaz posible, mediante la exclusión. Cuando un Estado –que tiene el monopolio de la fuerza- se ponía al servicio de un colectivo, los excluidos se refugiaban en la tribu y era cuestión de tiempo que decidieran tomarse la justicia por su mano. Cataluña no ha llegado a ese extremo, pero la pasividad de Pedro Sánchez ante el sectarismo de la Generalitat no augura nada bueno. Como ha observado Elisa de la Nuez, resulta difícil sostener un discurso que defienda que la modernidad pasa por el etnicismo nacionalista del siglo XXI y por tics propios de regímenes autoritarios, por mucho diseño posmoderno que se le añada.

Según Oriol Junqueras, los catalanes son similares a los franceses y a los italianos, mientras que el resto de los españoles son más parecidos a los portugueses o –lo que es peor- a los marroquíes. Pere Soler ha dicho con conmiseración que le daban pena los españoles y Joaquim Torra ha destacado por sus continuados vituperios de los españoles, a los que ha dirigido insultos y descalificaciones de lo más variopintos. Frente a su acusación de que Cataluña estaba siendo atacada por el fascismo español, Rivera le replicó que lo que realmente constituía fascismo era considerar bestias taradas a la mayoría de los catalanes y al resto de los españoles, violar el Estatuto y la Constitución para declarar la secesión o apoyar la violencia de los comandos separatistas. Cayetana Álvarez de Toledo ha afirmado que en Cataluña manda una facción puramente fascista, tanto en sus fines como en sus medios: agenda supremacista, eliminación de la disidencia u obscena politización de la policía.

Para Redondo, la acción concertada de las instituciones y de una parte de la ciudadanía en Cataluña -no hay totalitarismos sin apoyos sociales- es la representación de un autoritarismo naciente con una fuerza que, por fortuna, es hoy en día aún insuficiente para derrotar al Estado y a la UE, pero -cuando se convierte en chusma a una parte de la sociedad-, nos encontramos ante una expresión de totalitarismo. Las propuestas dirigidas a volver al último Estatuto aprobado por el Parlament consagrarían el abandono de los catalanes que se han opuesto al procés. La solución pasa por crear un marco político razonable en el que puedan dialogar los diversos sectores de la sociedad catalana y, para ello, es indispensable acabar con las expresiones de autoritarismo que han surgido en Cataluña. Según Íñigo Calderón, en aquellos lugares donde gobiernan, los nacionalistas, emplean sus competencias y los boletines oficiales para converger dentro de sus ámbitos autonómicos, eliminar las diferencias internas, homogeneizar la pluralidad interna y sintetizar así una singularidad social de diseño, que se vuelve el objeto de sus políticas, una autentica singularidad colectiva en sustitución de la singularidad individual. Está singularidad de síntesis se convierte en el famoso “fet diferencial”, tan apreciado y propugnado por Jordi Pujol. Los nacionalismos se reivindican mediante ese hecho diferencial por contraposición al Estado. El hecho de ser diferentes –o de parecer serlo- explica el carácter excluyente del nacionalismo. César Antonio Molina ha estimado que el nacionalismo era un proyecto de las élites políticas y económicas excluyente. El nacionalismo aparta al ciudadano y lo retrotrae a su anterior condición de súbdito en el nuevo régimen absolutista que trata de imponer. Utiliza las mismas artimañas que los populismos de uno u otro signo, que buscan la ruptura radical con el statu quo. El fervor nacionalista ha destruído la convivencia multirracial, lingüística y cultural, y dado un paso atrás en el proceso civilizatorio e impedido la posibilidad de que los ciudadanos convivan como iguales.

Este nacionalismo cultural, étnico, territorial y monolingüístico ha creado dos clases de ciudadanos: los “excluyentes”, que cumplen con las normas impuestas-, y los “excluidos”, arrojados a las tinieblas exteriores por no cumplirlas. El nacionalismo tiene, pues, instintos excluyentes y ello es una de sus propias razones de ser, pues su intención –como la del totalitarismo- es llevar a cabo la homogeneización y reprimir a cuantos se opongan a él.”El miedo a la globalización y a perder supuestamente sus raíces, la inmigración y la xenofobia, el ataque frontal contra la democracia y sus instituciones representativas, la fe en el autoritarismo, la violencia de nuevo industrializada, el impuso del patrioterismo y la proclamación de una cultura única y pura, es lo que poco a poco se abre paso. El nacionalismo asume el monopolio moral de la representación y copa los medios de comunicación”.

En Cataluña siempre mandan los mismos, lo que supone que la mitad de los catalanes no tienen derecho a sus propias instituciones. Se señala con el dedo al que no piensa igual –en medio de una espiral de silencio- y las instituciones no protegen a una parte muy importante de la ciudadanía, porque son “de parte”, sólo de y para los independentistas. En el nacionalismo se puede ver la nostalgia por un pasado donde el “sol poble” hace y deshace sin que nadie proteste demasiado. En ese sentido, la añoranza de una pequeña patria identitaria recuerda a la que sienten los “brexiteros” por el Imperio perdido o los votantes de Trump por una América fuerte, masculina y blanca. Nada de eso va a regresar porque la Historia avanza en una dirección distinta.

Para Fernando de Haro, en Occidente hay movimientos que renuncian a la racionalidad para resolver su ansiedad identitaria. El nacionalismo tiene que ver con la secularización, ya que la nación siempre ha sido objeto de culto. “Los que creíamos en la tradición ilustrada pensábamos que la bestia había sido domesticada, pero cuando la ilustración se apaga, la bestia reaparece. Lo sacro reaparece buscando un objeto y lo más inmediato es la nación”. Toda cultura es juzgada por la capacidad que tiene de abrirse de lo particular a lo universal, y la absolutización de lo particular demuestra una debilidad cultural y antropológica de toda la sociedad, no sólo de las élites. La disolución de evidencias provoca una ansiedad identitaria que nos lleva a poseer lo fácil. De ahí se deduce la irrealidad del nacionalismo y su irracionalidad. Vive en el autoengaño de un mundo virtual inventado, que convierte en realidad a través de la “posverdad“. No piensa con la cabeza, sino con las vísceras, se deja llevar por el sentimiento y se olvida de la razón. Por ello resulta muy difícil dialogar con los nacionalistas, ya que sólo tratan de imponer sus criterios y sus dogmas a los demás. Como decía Albert Camus, “tengo miedo a un hombre al que yo no pueda convencer”, pues no caben argumentos frente a ellos. La España real se halla en peligro de descomposición institucional y de fractura territorial por culpa del nacionalismo.

Otro de los rasgos del nacionalismo es –a juicio de Jorge Bustos- la acepción adversativa. Todo nacionalista siente que el mundo le debe algo que le fue arrebatado injustamente, pero, aunque el origen de su rencor sea mitológico, los efectos sobre sus vecinos son bien reales. “Antes que orgullo de lo propio, el nacionalista padece el rechazo de lo ajeno”. Por eso no cabe equidistancia moral entre un proyecto de cultura única y otro de convivencia mestiza, nacido del pacto plural del 78, del que pretende segregarse. “Pero ¡qué sabremos nosotros, meros sin papeles en Equidistonia!”.

El hispanista John Elliott ha señalado que el nacionalismo catalán ha destacado que el nacionalismo catalán ha construido una narrativa basada en “medias verdades, muchas mentiras y toneladas de victimismo”, así como en “la nostalgia en un pasado que nunca fue“. Ha culpado del desarrollo del nacionalismo identitario a Jordi Pujol -que en 1990 adopto su “Estrategia para la catalanización”- y lamentado que la España constitucional no haya sido capaz de construir un relato comparable al del nacionalismo catalán. A juicio de Álvarez de Toledo, el nacionalismo es ante todo una injerencia, una invasión de lo colectivo en la libertad individual. El “Estat Català” es un inmenso engranaje burocrático, que “pisotea la vida privada; exige absoluta fidelidad ideológica; avasalla en las aula; manosea los libros de texto; okupa los platós de la televisión; y sepulta a los ciudadanos bajo una losa de entidades, consorcios, institutos, fundaciones, embajadas y observatorios, que cuestan una fortuna en impuestos y que actúan como agencias de colocación y fábrica de estómagos agradecidos. El nacionalismo ha creado un Estado iliberal”.

El nacionalismo catalán es asimismo insaciable e insolidario. Ortega y Gasset ya advirtió a Azaña en 1931 de la voracidad de los políticos catalanes, que nunca estaban satisfechos con lo que conseguían y, cuando lograban una concesión del Gobierno, la daban por merecida y, al instante, ya estaban pidiendo nuevos beneficios. Muestra de su falta de solidaridad con las otras Comunidades Autónomas es la invocación del principio de ordinalidad y la inclusión en su Estatuto de una cláusula conforme a la cual la inversión del Estado en infraestructuras en Cataluña se debería equiparar a la participación relativa de su producto interior bruto con relación al PIB del Estado, que resultaba bastante retrógrada pues suponía dar más al que más tenía

Los nacionalismos son belicosos. Sin llegar al extremo de François Mitterand, que dijo que eran la guerra, si se puede afirmar que han provocado más de un conflicto armado, como las dos Guerras Mundiales o la Guerra Civil en la antigua Yugoslavia. Emmanuel Macron ha afirmado que el nacionalismo excluyente era la traición del patriotismo, ya que exacerbaba las diferencias y buscaba dinamitar el Estado de Derecho. Como ha destacado Mira Milosevich, en los siglos XIX y XX los nacionalismos luchaban por un territorio a través de la guerra, pero hoy –como en el caso de Cataluña-, sus batallas se libran mediante la propaganda y la manipulación de la opinión pública. La desinformación y las “fake news” forman parte de la estrategia de los nacionalistas para internacionalizar el supuesto conflicto con España.

Para Félix Ovejero, la tensión y la deslealtad son las maneras que tiene el nacionalismo para estar en política. El nacionalismo es el problema que se presenta como solución a los problemas que él mismo crea y de los que se nutre. Es una ideología constitutivamente “desigualitaria” que hay que combatir, si queremos ser una comunidad de ciudadanos libres e iguales Según sus partidarios, el nacionalismo es una constante inmodificable y una imbatible manifestación de su paisaje político, por lo que no debería ser combatido. Responde a una causa justa y, por consiguiente, ni siquiera considera la posibilidad de su derrota. Cabe, sin embargo, albergar pocas dudas sobre la naturaleza antidemocrática del nacionalismo. No se trata de sus procedimientos –que también-, sino de su quintaesencia, que consiste en levantar fronteras y ciudadanías sobre perímetros de identidad. Los nacionalistas están en contra de decidir y de compartir con sus conciudadanos y su objetivo es romper la comunidad de convivencia. No es la expresión distorsionada de una causa justa, de ninguna realidad ignorada o despreciada, porque su obscenidad se sostiene en una mentira: el cuento de las identidades inmutables. Invoca un mundo inexistente. No obstante, “el nacionalismo puede derrotarse y tenemos la obligación moral de hacerlo”. Mario Vargas Llosa invitado a todos los ciudadanos a luchar contra el nacionalismo sin complejos y a cara descubierta, porque es una de las peores pestes de la Humanidad. Es un pasado retrógrado al que no debemos regresar. No importa su color o su procedencia, ya que todos los nacionalismos son racistas y discriminatorios, y parten de un falso supuesto: la superioridad de una comunidad por su origen étnico o lugar de nacimiento.

Al nacionalismo hay que oponer el patriotismo, de acuerdo con las tesis de Maurizio Viroli, quien -en “Por amor a la patria”- ha contrapuesto los dos movimientos. El nacionalismo combate la heterogeneidad y el pluralismo y refuerza la homogeneidad ligüística, étnica y cultural. Dice defender al pueblo, pero sólo a “su pueblo”, entendido como una comunidad homogénea que debe ser protegida frente al pluralismo cultural y los peligros de la inmigración. El patriotismo, en cambio, invoca el amor hacia las instituciones políticas que sostienen la libertad común. “El verdadero significado del patriotismo tiene que ver con una larga tradición de pensamiento político fundado sobre el principio de la libertad”. Sólo el patriotismo puede vencer al nacionalismo y la izquierda democrática debería modificar su actitud reticente y animosidad hacia la patria, hogar común de todos los ciudadanos. En esta misma línea, Roger Cohen ha afirmado que “el nacionalismo autocompasivo y agresivo busca cambiar el presente en nombre de un pasado ilusorio para crear un futuro vago en todos sus aspectos menos en su gloria. Preñado de violencia y miedo manipulador, es un ejercicio de engaño masivo que odio con todo mi ser”. Corresponsal en la guerra de los Balcanes, Cohen ha confesado ser un “patriota europeo”, porque fue testigo de cómo el nacionalismo pudo convertir una ciudad cosmopolita como Sarajevo en el lugar donde su amigo, el actor bosnio Nermin Tulic, perdió las piernas en un bombardeo serbio, señal inequívoca de que el diablo que arrasó el continente sólo estaba dormido. Para contrarrestar esta situación nos queda el patriotismo, que “es al nacionalismo lo que la dignidad a la barbarie”.

El Tribunal Supremo acaba de iniciar el juicio contra algunos de los máximos dirigentes del nacionalismo catalán, no por sus ideas –como han alegado los encausados-, sino por haber violado reiteradamente la Constitución, el Estatuto y las leyes nacionales y autonómicas, pese a las advertencias del Tribunal Constitucional. Si el Gobierno y el Tribunal Supremo persiguieran a los nacionalistas catalanes por sus ideas, ¿cómo es posible que no enjuicie a Joaquín Torra o a Roger Torrent y les permita seguir desde el poder autonómico su labor diaria en pro de la independencia de Cataluña? ¿Cómo se explica que unas personas que, no sólo piensan, sino que actúan para lograr una independencia contraria a la Constitución, y que ha sido condenada por el Tribunal Constitucional, continúan ostentando las máximas jefaturas de la Generalitat y del Parlament? El caso de Torra es flagrante. Sigue siendo el Presidente de la Comunidad y goza de plenos poderes y competencias gracias a una Constitución y un Estatuto que viola día tras día, proclama su determinación de implantar una República independiente en Cataluña, menosprecia e insulta al Rey, pide públicamente atacar al Estado, promueve la acción violenta de los Comités de Defensa de la República y de la CUP, y se ha instalado en una situación de permanente insumisión ante el Estado de Derecho español. Sin embargo, la agitprop independentista ha conseguido vender ante la opinión pública internacional que los pobres nacionalistas catalanes están siendo agredidos por un Estado dictatorial a causa de sus nobles ideas. La conclusión a la que se llega según está ilógica lógica es que el Gobierno español, además de antidemocrático, es completamente estúpido e ineficaz.


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Thursday, February 28, 2019

Dénonciation à l’UNICEF New York – Appareil séparatiste catalan et emploi des enfants !« Autonomie catalane en Espagne : utilisation d’enfants à des fins de propagande politique par l’appareil séparatiste catalan d’origine criminelle. »






Catalunya peuple d’Espagne (CPDE)
PA François Meylan     Lausanne, le 28 février 2019
Rue du Simplon 37
CH - 1006 Lausanne    



UNICEF
    A l’intention de la Directrice générale
    Henrietta H. Fore
    3, United Nations Plaza
    New York, NY 10017
    Etats-Unis


« Autonomie catalane en Espagne : utilisation d’enfants à des fins de propagande politique par l’appareil séparatiste catalan d’origine criminelle. »

– Distribution : UNICEF Comité Espanol, Mauricio Legendre, 36, 28046 Madrid ;
Comité pour l’UNICEF Suisse et Liechtenstein, Pfingstweidstrasse 10, 8005 Zürich ;
Médias ;
Département de l’instruction publique (DIP), à Genève.

Madame H. Fore,

L’Assosiation Catalunya peuple d’Espagne, fondée l’an dernier, à Lausanne, en Suisse, à pour objectif de lutter contre le nationalisme et le suprémacisme dans l’autonomie catalane en Espagne et en Europe. Prévenir une prochaine guerre sur le continent.

Nous sommes bénévoles et nous sommes actifs dans plusieurs pays ainsi que sur différentes thématiques. L’endoctrinement scolaire en est une.

L’environnement de l’enfance dans l’autonomie catalane nous préoccupe fortement. Cette région d’Espagne souffre d’une profonde fracture sociale. Engendrée par les actions de discriminations, de manipulations et de violences psychologiques voire physiques de la part de l’appareil séparatiste catalan.

Nous nous référons au troisième des neuf paragraphes qui composent la mission de l’UNICEF :
« L’UNICEF fait valoir que la survie, la protection et l’épanouissement des enfants sont des impératifs universels du développement dont le respect est indispensable au progrès de l’humanité. »
Hors, comment cet épanouissement des enfants peut-il se faire dans l’autonomie catalane si l’enfant est soumis dès son plus jeune âge aux pressions d’une mécanique d’endoctrinement et propagandiste ? Qui va générer chez lui toutes sortes de névroses. On lui faisant croire qu’il évolue dans une région sous occupation tantôt par un ennemi extérieur l’Espagne, tantôt par un ennemi intérieur celui qui pense différemment. Dans pareil climat, quel adulte peut-il bien devenir ? La mission de l’UNICEF y répond ? Nous actionnons l’alarme !

Vous trouverez, en annexe, un aperçu photographique de ce qui se passe aujourd’hui en Catalogne. Soit une enfance violée de ses rêves. Une situation qui n’est pas sans nous rappeler celle de la machine intelligente, froide et sans amour de l’Allemagne nazie.

On y réécrit l’histoire. On falsifie l’histoire. Les livres scolaires se transforment en manuels d’endoctrinement. On y réprime l’usage de l’espagnol dans la cours de récréation. Pourtant, l’espagnol est la langue maternelle de 55% de la population catalane. On compare la Catalogne juridiquement à la France, à l’Italie ou à l’Angleterre alors qu’elle n’a jamais été un Etat.
Pire, on éduque l’enfant dans une logique de guerre de libération contre un oppresseur qui pourtant ne l’est pas.

En psychologie, et vous le savez comme nous, cela revient à induire chez l’enfant le refus d’explorer une réalité autre que la sienne – celle avec laquelle on l’a endoctriné (Syndrome de Peter Pan) et, pire encore, le risque d’une pathologie blanche telle que celle de la perversion narcissique (PN). D’où les mécanismes de défense du PN qui voit la vie d’une manière exclusivement binaire : blanc et noir… proie et prédateur. Il en devient d’une extrême toxicité pour son entourage.

Vu ce qui précède, il est aisé de comprendre les dégâts profonds et durables provoqués dans la population catalane - 7,5 millions d’âmes dont au moins les deux tiers ne sont pas indépendantistes – par l’appareil séparatiste. Qui rappelons-le est d’origine criminelle. Il s’appuie sur une police politique les Mossos d’Esquadra, sur des Comités auto-proclamés défenseurs de la république (CDR) qui dans les faits se comportent en voyous, sur le détournement des fonds publics, sur la propagande et la manipulation des masses et sur l’immense affaire de corruption du politique Jordi Pujol et son clan… la règle des 3% !

Nous appelons de nos vœux, Madame la Directrice générale de l’UNICEF, que vous interveniez.
Dans cette attente, nous vous souhaitons une bonne réception de la présente. Nous demeurons à votre disposition et nous vous prions de croire, Madame H. Fore, en l’expression de notre plus parfaite considération.

    François Meylan
    CPDE Président fondateur

Par procuration et copies DNI annexées
Clara Sarria Moreno    Joana Moreno Alvarez
CPDE Responsable Groupe Traduction     CPDE Groupe Barcelone
Jose Luis Granados Godino     Carmen Sierra Grande
CPDE Responsable Groupe Andalousie     CPDE Responsable Groupe Barcelone

Versions : espagnole et anglaise disponibles
Annexe : documentation photos (Important ! Le drapeau avec l’étoile blanche sur fond d’un triangle bleu n’est pas le drapeau officiel de la Catalogne mais seulement le drapeau indépendantiste l

(’Etelada, inspiré de la Révolution cubaine.)

DOCUMENTATION PHOTOS








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Saturday, February 23, 2019

A pregnant merchant faces a strike picket line of the CDRs in Barcelona


The clerk argued with a group of protesters who were pressuring her to close her shop

Grego Casanova

Barcelona 21 FEB 2019 - 19:44 CET

Carolina Castillo, 35, and pregnant for four months has starred in one of the images of the strike of February, 21. A video shows how this Honduran saleswoman faces a picket line from the CDRs attacking her establishment in Terrassa (Barcelona), pressing her to close down her store.

"I had to come out because I saw that they wanted to break the glass", said Castillo about the incident. According to her version, a group of CDR approached his premises demanding and shouting her to close the store. It was then when Castillo decided to intervene and go out to the landing, where the demonstrators were crowded, to make them retreat. "When I went out the door they took my magazine rack and started throwing the advertising brochures. Do you know how much each of these magazines costs me?", Castillo lamented.

Then came the scene that shows the video: Castillo, alone, facing a group of young people, some of them hooded, breaking and throwing away the advertising magazines of her store. "Here ends your right, the store is mine and you do not pay the rent, and I have to pay if I close". Castillo has been in charge of this telephony franchise for five years; she has also said she can understand the causes of the protesters but that does not require them to decide whether she has to close or not. "I have another child to take care of, who will pay me the losses for a day without work?"

Castillo also commented that what most impressed her about the incident was the hatred shown by the picketers when she told them she was not going to close. "I have come to work even if I am myself a little bit ill to attend my clients; and then it is outrageous those four children who have never worked in their lives coming to tell you that you have to close", said Castillo.

https://elpais.com/ccaa/2019/02/21/catalunya/1550761326_727680.html
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Thursday, February 21, 2019

We must avoid the uncontrolled fall through the slide of degradation and gain time, so that if the solution is not viable now the door of dialogue would not be closed forever


 There is no solution, only the way out of concluding a deal on the disagreement



Joan Coscubiela (Barcelona, ​​1954) was secretary general of CCOO in Catalonia between 1995 and 2008; he became a national celebrity after his speech at the Parliament of Catalonia on September 7, 2017, when he denounced as spokesman for ‘Catalunya Si Que es Pot’ the performance of the pro-independence parties  (watch and read the speech below in the page).  

He received the standing applause of the members of Parliament of the PSC, the Citizens, the PP and the major part of his own party. He was a member of the Spanish Parliament for ‘Iniciativa per Catalunya’ between 2011 and 2015. He has just published Empantanados (Peninsula), a book that gathers his most recent political experiences in Catalonia.

 

  
We are still stuck, trapped in a huge political quagmire from which we are unable to leave.

The sooner we assume that in the medium term there is no solution to the conflict and we start looking for a way out -which is not the same- the sooner we will begin to emerge from the quagmire.

There is no solution through agreement. The proposal of a non-binding and agreed referendum, under the terms defended by Rubio Llorente, is by now spoiled. No matter how much now, but too late, the pro-independence movement that despised the proposal as a screen already past would try to resuscitate it. The same thing happens to the federal reform of the Constitution, a proposal that never left the federalist coteries. As of today, we are much further from a solution than in September 2017.

For years there have been many who have underestimated the depth of the conflict and the seriousness of its consequences, neglecting the adversary, believing their own deceptions and ignoring reality.

The pro-independence movement, drunk by the success of its mobilizations, came to believe the fiction with which they fed the illusion of its people and kept it against all evidence. They belittled half of the citizens of Catalonia, ignored the strength of the State and generated the fiction of an express and low cost DUI with international recognition. Read now, it sounds like a joke in bad taste, but in the moments of ecstasy just remembering these evidences involved being stoned in the public forum of social networks.

The PP fed, and lived politically from, the conflict with the pro-independence movement, repeatedly denied its strength betting everything to the imminent descent of the "souflé". And when it was overwhelmed, delegated its political responsibilities to the Courts of Justice.

If I remember these events it is not just for the sake of looking back, but because these behaviors weigh like a slab and even today condition the performance of their protagonists.

The pro-independence movement, which has not yet been able to publicly assume the unfeasibility of its project or its serious errors, is discredited, half united only by its solidarity with the prisoners. They continue settled in the mandate of October 1, ignoring that there is no such democratic mandate since it is based on laws, those of September 6 and 7, clearly unconstitutional and illegitimate because they were approved trampling the rights of half of the citizens of Catalonia. Maybe that's the reason why in their story they pay such a little amount of attention on those days, as if they never existed.

In addition, important sectors of the pro-independence movement maintain the flame of unilateralism that, in its new fiction story, awaits the momentum to light again.

On the opposite side, the most holy trinity of the rights, in order to defeat the independence movement, is betting on an exemplary sentence that sometimes appears, in its words, more revenge than Justice. At the same time it continues without presenting any political proposal and boycotts all those presented by other actors.

In this scenario, in which there is no solution, it is urgent to find a way out, if we do not want the conflict to become chronic as well as social and political degradation to increase.

It is not easy, we are immersed in a perfect storm, in which the trial of the independence leaders and the May elections are going together. But we should not throw in the towel for that.

To find a way out, the first thing to do is to reverse the trend, go from escalation to de-escalation of the conflict, a process that even if it doesn’t seem like it has already begun. In the pro-independence world the grandiloquent declarations continue, but in the realm of facts the acts of disobedience are a thing of the past and in their place there is assumption of the constitutional framework.

On the other side, we have a Government of Pedro Sánchez that, with the support of Unidos Podemos and the PNV, has generated a strong discontinuity in relation to Rajoy's executive and has assumed the political risk of seeking a way out.

It seems evident that this will be not possible before the summer. The results of the polls will be decisive, which at this point we do not know yet whether or not they will include those of the general elections. And it will also be very important the sentence issued by the Supreme Court that, between the acquittal and the crime of rebellion, has a lot of legal margin at its disposal.

At this very moment it is not possible, but the way we get to the elections and the way we get out of the polls will be decisive in order to continue with these efforts or to abort them for a long time. That is the reason why the battle of the 2019 Budgets was and is so important and explains the ultramontane reaction of the Spanish right, more terribly Spanish than ever.

Given the impossibility of an agreed solution, the time has come to look for a way out, by concluding a deal on the disagreement.

What does it mean concluding a deal on disagreement? It is what we do every day, even if we are not aware of it, in our personal and professional relationships. It is very common in politics and an example are those tiresome statements of European summits, when they are not able to reach an agreement. In collective bargaining it is common to close a conflict in which agreement is impossible, agreeing on disagreement to leave open the way to dialogue.

No doubt the so-called Catalan conflict is a much more complicated terrain because it has its roots in the swampy territory of identities and feeds on emotions, closer to anger and hatred than to outrage. In this scenario, in which aggressiveness, intolerance and fundamentalism proliferate, it is not easy to mobilize the moderate and sensible segments of each bloc, or the "plagued" equidistant.

Concluding a deal on disagreement is to do with cooling the climate, skirting the underlying conflict, limiting and not exaggerating the field and scope of disagreements, seeking a shared space in the rules of democratic game that we have given to ourselves together. It is about avoiding the uncontrolled fall through the slide of the degradation, of gaining time, so that if the solution is not viable now the door of the dialogue is not closed forever.

I warn the purists, among others those who raised their voices against the figure of the "rapporteur", that concluding a deal on disagreement poses a problem. The outcomes will always be technically imperfect and politically ugly, but they have the beauty of impossible challenges and useful bets.

Concluding a deal on disagreement is not a task that can fall only on the backs of daring politicians, unless we want to fill the cemetery of politics with courageous politicians.

The involvement of the majority is essential. Of the citizens who, with their vote, will decide the way forward in the next elections, whenever they take place. And of the media, professionals, analysts and talk-show guests. If we continue to feed what Jordi Évole, in a brilliant definition, called the fast food of controversies, concluding the deal on disagreement just looking for a way out will be an impossible task.

In the next few hours we will know where we are bound for. The reactionary right moved its chip this weekend and, although it has failed in the mobilization, has managed to block the way to the exit for now. Now, with the voting of the amendments to the totality of the Budgets, it is up to the pro-independence parties to play their cards since they have the opportunity to keep alive the hope of a way out.

I admit that it is not so easy for them; their margin is very narrow because they will have to make a complicated and risky decision in the same week when the trial of their leaders begins with requests for serious prison sentences.

I do not dare to ask them for the courage they demand from others, only to calibrate well the strength and consequences of all their actions, if only they could be learning from the lessons of the fall of 2017. They would face less difficulty if they decide to socialize the political costs of their decisions, just the opposite of what they have always done, litigating between them just to see who will be branded as traitor and Judas.

The independence leaders face the complex challenge of striking a balance between the ethics of their convictions and the ethics of their responsibilities. Both are legitimate, of course, but the dose of each of them used in their decision will result in very important consequences, including keeping the door open to try to find a way out or closing it for a long time.

https://www.eldiario.es/zonacritica/solucion-solo-salida-pactar-desacuerdo_6_866923325.html 


 








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